The Ongoing Struggle Against Female Genital Mutilation: A Global Perspective
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a deeply rooted cultural practice that continues to affect millions of women and girls worldwide. Despite being recognized as a human rights violation and a severe form of gender-based violence, FGM persists in many regions, particularly in parts of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. This article delves into the complexities surrounding FGM, its health implications, the efforts to combat it, and the role of international organizations and local communities in eradicating this harmful practice.
The Reality of FGM: A Personal Story
Zeinaba Mahr Aouad, a 24-year-old woman from Djibouti, vividly recalls the day when, at the age of ten, an unexpected visitor arrived at her home. “She had a syringe, a razor blade, and bandages,” Zeinaba remembers. This visitor was there to perform a brutal and illegal procedure known as female genital mutilation. The procedure, which involves the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, left Zeinaba with lifelong physical and psychological scars.
The Health Implications of FGM
FGM has severe immediate and long-term health consequences. Immediate complications include severe pain, shock, hemorrhage, infection, urine retention, and injury to adjacent tissues. Long-term consequences can be equally devastating, including complications during childbirth, chronic infections, and sexual dysfunction. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies four types of FGM, with Type III, known as infibulation, being the most severe.
The Cultural and Social Drivers of FGM ……….
The practice of FGM is deeply embedded in cultural and social norms. It is often seen as a rite of passage into womanhood, a requirement for marriage, or a means of controlling female sexuality. Despite its prevalence, FGM is not endorsed by any major religion, although it is sometimes mistakenly believed to be a religious requirement.
Global Efforts to Combat FGM
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) has been at the forefront of efforts to end FGM. In partnership with governments, NGOs, and local communities, UNFPA has implemented awareness-raising campaigns and provided support to survivors. The US government has also played a significant role in funding these efforts. In 2023, the US provided approximately $44 million in foreign assistance to Djibouti, supporting programs aimed at ending FGM. This support has led to an estimated 80,000 girls avoiding FGM over the past four years.
The Role of Local Communities and Activists
Local networks and activists play a crucial role in changing attitudes towards FGM. Zeinaba Mahr Aouad, now a volunteer for the “Elle & Elles” network supported by UNFPA, works tirelessly to raise awareness in her community about the harmful effects of FGM. She emphasizes the importance of involving men in the conversation, as their support is crucial in ending the practice.
The Challenge Ahead
Despite significant progress, the fight against FGM is far from over. The global increase in population means that the number of women affected by FGM is actually growing. Continued efforts are needed to educate communities, enforce laws, and provide support to survivors. The UNFPA continues to work with communities to highlight the short and long-term effects of FGM, advocating for a world where every girl can grow up free from this harmful practice.
Conclusion
Female Genital Mutilation is a complex issue that requires a multifaceted approach to address. While significant strides have been made in raising awareness and implementing legal measures, the involvement of local communities, men, and international support remains crucial. The stories of survivors like Zeinaba Mahr Aouad serve as a powerful reminder of the need to continue the fight against FGM, ensuring a safer and more equitable future for all girls and women.
